Red bumps (papules)
Definition: A papule is a small inflammatory skin lesion that is both visible and palpable. It manifests as a solid, dry (non-purulent) protrusion of the skin and contains no fluid (neither pus nor serous fluid). Measuring between 0.5 and 5 mm in diameter, it can assume various shapes—round, oval, polygonal or even plaque-like—and display a pink, red or occasionally brown colour. It may appear singly or be scattered over any area of the body, including the mucous membranes.
Internal and external causes: Hormonal fluctuations (menstrual cycle, contraception, menopause), inflammatory dermatoses (acne, eczema, psoriasis, lichen planus, etc.), viral infections (chickenpox, shingles, syphilis, etc.), allergic reactions (cosmetics, medications, etc.), insect stings and bites, repeated friction from clothing, prolonged unprotected sun exposure, genetic predispositions (Darier’s disease), poor diet, folliculitis.
How to reduce or eliminate them: Papules generally resolve within a few days to a few weeks. For mild and sparse papules, topical cosmetic treatments containing salicylic acid (<0.3%), bakuchiol or succinic acid may suffice to improve the appearance of the skin. In moderate to severe cases, or if papules persist, consultation with a healthcare professional is recommended. Depending on the cause and severity: topical therapies in cream or gel form (benzoyl peroxide, retinoids, azelaic acid), oral antibiotics (clindamycin), topical corticosteroids for allergies or eczema, oral antibiotics (tetracyclines) for bacterial infections, and antihistamines for allergic reactions. For persistent or extensive lesions: cryotherapy, chemical peeling, laser treatment or surgical intervention as indicated.
Preventive measures: Adopt a gentle skincare routine using non-comedogenic products, regularly clean your make-up accessories, avoid touching cutaneous lesions, apply appropriate daily sun protection, identify and avoid potential allergens, exfoliate the skin once a week, and thoroughly wash your hands before applying any skincare products.
