Dull complexion: The radiance-boosting active ingredients used in cosmetics.

Several studies have demonstrated thelightening powerof topical application of Vitamin C. Therefore, this active ingredient can be used to give abrightening boost to one's complexionand/or tocombathyperpigmentation, a skin disorder that can occur at any age, manifesting as brown spots on the skin's surface.

The mechanism of action of Vitamin C is based on theinhibition of the amount of melaninproduced by the skin's pigment cells. Vitamin C interacts with tyrosinase, an enzyme responsible for converting the amino acid tyrosine into melanin, thereby reducing pigmentation.

In order to enhance your skin's radiance while protecting it from oxidative stress, we recommend using a Vitamin C skincare product morning and evening. Typology has developed five products containing this active ingredient at various concentrations: the radiance face serum, the antioxidant face cream, the radiance toner, the tinted serum and the wrinkle and firmness loss serum.

The A.H.A., or alpha-hydroxy acids, are water-soluble acids. They are generally recommended for dry skin as they exfoliate the surface while maintaining epidermal hydration. In skincare, there are several types of AHA, includingglycolic acid,lactic acid and mandelic acid.

How do A.H.A.s act on dull complexion? Thanks to their peeling action, these acids effectively remove dead, dull and dehydrated cells from the surface of the epidermis. This exfoliating action therefore allows healthy cells to emerge (cell renewal), which restores radiance and brightness to the face. They also reduce hyperpigmentation. Indeed, depending on the concentration of A.H.A. in a treatment, exfoliation helps to get rid of melanin-rich skin cells on the skin's surface. This phenomenon can even go as far as provoking cell renewal at the level of the skin's basal layer, which is the deep layer of the epidermis, where the melanocytes, the melanin-producing cells, are located. This therefore allows todiminish brown spots caused by age, hormonal fluctuations or sun exposure, and thus to lighten the complexion.