Biology

Significant changes in facial and body hair occur after menopause. These changes can have a substantial negative impact on self-esteem. Indeed, menopause is characterised by clinical signs of moderate hyperandrogenism, such as excessive facial hair growth. In this article, we explain everything about the appearance of unwanted hair during menopause.

The skin is a complex organ made up of different layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. It's made up of tiny openings called cutaneous pores, through which sweat and sebum flow. What is the function of pores? Moreover, what are the different types of pores, and why are they essential to the skin? We answer your questions about these little channels, too often demonized.

The skin is among the essential organs that make up the body. It is composed of several internal layers (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis) and an external hydrolipidic film. The latter acts like a barrier that protects the internal tissues and organs from external aggressions. But what is it made of? How do we take care of it daily? Let's focus.

The skin and mucous membranes form a physical barrier that effectively protects the body from external influences. Nevertheless, after a trauma or infection (skin injury, burn, invasion of bacteria, fungi or viruses), foreign substances may penetrate the barrier. In this case, an inflammatory reaction occurs. You can find out what this is here:

Blood circulation facilitates the transportation of oxygen and nutrients to the organs and cells. Microcirculation refers to the interface between the blood and the cells.

Wrinkles, loss of skin elasticity, pigment spots… Skin ageing manifests differently in every individual. While age plays a major role, it is not the only factor. Our lifestyle and our environment also influence the quality of our skin and how it ages. What are the different factors behind skin ageing? Let us explore together the intrinsic and extrinsic origins of cutaneous ageing.

Menopause affects all women between the ages of 45 and 55. It is characterised by the permanent cessation of periods (menstruation). At this stage of life, the skin undergoes numerous changes: wrinkles, pigmentation spots, dryness... How can one take care of their skin to combat these changes? Elements of the answer are provided in this article.

Skin mirrors the passage of time and lifestyle habits. Its needs evolve from adolescence to adulthood, necessitating adjustments to its care routine. To maintain optimal skin health, it is useful to understand the different stages it undergoes. How does skin change over time? Discover more as you continue reading.

Contrary to popular belief, skin ageing is not limited to wrinkles but also affects the skin’s texture, colour and tone. From a loss of elasticity to dehydration, each sign reveals a stage of the ageing process. How can ageing skin be recognised? Explore here the multiple facets of this natural phenomenon.

Invisible yet fundamental, skin pH governs the proper functioning and comfort of the skin. But what do those two letters actually stand for, and how do they concretely influence the skin? Let us explore this cutaneous indicator.

The pH, or potential hydrogen, of the skin, and more specifically of the hydrolipidic film, serves to protect the skin and combat bacterial infections. However, various factors can disrupt this pH, which leads to unfortunate consequences for the skin. Here's an overview of the consequences of a disrupted skin pH.

The stratum corneum is often referred to as the "acid mantle". This term is justified by the acidic pH of the hydrolipidic film, which plays a significant role in antimicrobial defence and the integrity of the stratum corneum. Therefore, a disruption in the skin's pH can lead to numerous discomforts. How can one maintain their skin's pH? This article provides some answers.

While raw fish, cured meats, soft cheese, wine and many other foods and drinks are advised against during pregnancy, restrictions extend beyond diet. The list may also include everyday skincare products. Although skin is the first line of defence against most chemicals, skincare products are designed to penetrate skin layers and can enter the bloodstream, reaching the developing foetus or breast milk. Continue reading for a list of active ingredients to avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding to reduce exposure and risk.

Nothing is more frustrating than hair that reappears only a few days after a waxing session! Fortunately, there are a few tricks to maximize the time between sessions and slow down hair growth. We'll show you how.

Exposure to the sun is an action full of contradictions. Indeed, it presents increasingly well-identified harmful effects (sunburn, burns, cancer risks...) but also several virtues, detailed in this article.

Because they are not simply there to make our lives difficult, understanding the physiological reasons for the rules: it's important. Let's immediately shed some light on this subject.

Pre-menstrual syndrome, loss of appetite, menstruation, mood swings... from puberty to menopause, women experience the menstrual cycle and its array of disturbances every month, and these are not the only consequences. The culprits? Hormones secreted by the ovaries, adrenal glands, and adipose tissue. Sensitive to these fluctuations, the skin is also affected during the different phases of the cycle. Discover the changes that the skin undergoes at each stage of the menstrual cycle in order to better care for it and live more comfortably with it.

Pill, patch, IUD... It can sometimes be difficult to understand the jargon of contraceptive methods. So, to clearly explain all these contraceptives (their forms, their functions, their actions...), here's a brief overview of the existing solutions.

For a significant number of women, menstrual pains can be a real ordeal. Where do these unpleasant sensations come from? Do they serve a purpose? And most importantly: what can we do to alleviate their effects? Here are some answers...

Poorly understood, misdiagnosed, and inadequately treated... Endometriosis has long left many women alone with their pain. Today, it is estimated that at least 10% of women of childbearing age are affected by endometriosis. Here are some clarifications on this condition.

On this matter, not all women are created equal. Some may experience severe flare-ups, while others may only have a barely noticeable small spot... The fact is that hormones can indeed cause inflammation, let us explain why.

The more informed we are about the stages of our menstrual cycle, the better we can support our bodies! And because it's preferable to listen to our bodies, rather than ignore their warning signals, let's revisit the stages of the menstrual cycle; and discuss some simple tips, to fully embrace it.

A crucial stage in a woman's life, menopause signifies the cessation of ovarian activity. However, before this, pre-menopause can cause various discomforts, the symptoms of which it is necessary to know and recognise. Here they are.

No, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is not trivial. This period preceding menstruation can be experienced in a more or less painful way depending on each woman, at different times in their lives. Nonetheless, between physical discomfort and sometimes psychological difficulties, the problems associated with PMS are important to recognise and identify. We explain how.

Estrogens, naturally present in women, are primarily known for their role in ovulation and fertility. However, they are involved in many other mechanisms, particularly contributing to skin health. Discover in this article all the functions of this hormone, as well as the effects of its fluctuation.