The benefits of tranexamic acid.

Tranexamic acid is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine. To recall, amino acids are molecules that make up the proteins in the body. When taken orally, tranexamic acid is used in medicine to treat excessive blood loss caused by major trauma, surgery, postpartum bleeding and heavy menstruation due to its coagulating properties. It is even listed on the World Health Organisation's (WHO) list of essential medicines.

The tranexamic acid and its lightening virtues have recently been discovered by a healthcare professional. While his patient was taking this molecule to treat his chronic urticaria, he observed a lightening and discolouration of his skin. Promising studies were then conducted on its ability to reduce brown spots when applied topically.

In skincare, this active ingredient is referred to by the I.N.C.I. name "Tranexamic Acid". It offers several benefits:

• Diminishing the appearance of pigmented spots.

  Hyperpigmentation is a disruption in the pigmentation process: melanin, the pigment responsible for the natural colouration of the skin, is overproduced in certain areas. The spots that then appear vary in size and affect the uniformity of the complexion. They can be categorised into three types: the melasma caused by hormonal imbalances, the age spots due to excessive and repeated sun exposure, and the post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation marks which result from an overproduction of melanin following inflammation (injuries, burns, blemishes, acne outbreaks).

  The mechanism of action of tranexamic acid is based on theinhibition of the release of inflammatory mediators involved in the triggering of melanogenesis. The results of studies are promising regarding its effect on brown spots. A 2019 study shows that it offers the same results in reducing pregnancy masks as hydroquinone, but with fewer side effects. As a reminder, hydroquinone has been banned in all cosmetic products by European regulations since 2001. Regarding acne marks, a 2022 study demonstrated that tranexamic acid was useful in reducing the appearance of these lesions, with little risk of side effects. Moreover, this lightening action is also beneficial in combating pigmented dark circles.

• Strengthening the skin barrier.

  A 2015 study found that a topical treatment with tranexamic acid (3%) for 2 weeks improves the visible signs of rosacea. Researchers have thus established a link between this reduction in symptoms and the improvement of the skin barrier.