Why is it better to choose an acetone-free nail polish remover?

A study has examined the effects of nail polish removers containing varying concentrations of acetone on the hydration and mechanical properties of nails. In the absence of acetone, propylene carbonate, a solvent also capable of removing nail polish, was used. Various measurements were taken before and after the application of the removers. The results, compiled in the table below, show a correlation between a high concentration of acetone and nail damage.

The impact of acetone on health also raises questions. While there is no scientific evidence of its absorption by the body through topical application, the risks posed by its inhalation are more concerning. Indeed, at high concentrations, acetone can cause headaches, dizziness, and irritation of the respiratory mucous membranes. In asthmatic individuals, it can exacerbate symptoms. However, when acetone is used at the common doses of domestic use, health authorities do not consider it to be dangerous to health.

The question is more pertinent for professionals in the aesthetics industry, who work daily with acetone in enclosed spaces that are not always sufficiently ventilated. In the long run, some report recurring migraines or chronic skin irritations. That's why it's recommended for owners of aesthetic salons to properly ventilate their establishment, to prevent those working there from suffering from prolonged exposure to acetone. Of course, there are alternatives to replace acetone in removers, such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, but these substitute solvents are also volatile and can irritate the skin and respiratory tract.

Acetone is a volatile solvent that rapidly degrades in air and water, which limits its accumulation in the environment. It is not considered a persistent pollutant, but that does not mean it is without impact. When released in large quantities, particularly by the chemical industry, it can contaminate water and affect aquatic ecosystems. High concentrations of acetone in water can alter the metabolism and behaviour of fish by disrupting their nervous system. Moreover, the high volatility of acetone contributes to the formation of tropospheric ozone, a harmful atmospheric pollutant classified in the category of greenhouse gases.

However, acetone-free removers are not necessarily more environmentally friendly. Some contain alternative solvents, such as ethyl acetate or butyl acetate, which, although biodegradable, pose a high toxicity to aquatic life. These solvents can alter the physiology of fish and other marine species by affecting their respiration and nervous system.