What is "Manganese PCA" and what is its utility?

Manganese is a trace element : it is essential to the body, which contains on average 10 to 20 mg. The majority of this mineral is found in the bones, its function being to maintain the skeletal structure. A deficiency in manganese can lead to, among other things, reproductive disorders for both sexes, bone abnormalities, depigmentation, and impairment of the central nervous system. To avoid this, the human body needs a daily intake of 2 to 3 mg of manganese. On the other hand, manganese is essential for combating oxidative stress and preventing damage caused by free radicals. Its mode of action is based on the stimulation of the synthesis of an enzyme (Mn-SOD) that degrades reactive oxygen species.

Manganese PCA, also known as manganese PCA salt, is a derivative of PCA orpyrrolidone carboxylic acid. This molecule is derived from the amino acid glutamic acid, which is naturally present in the body. Chemically, PCA has a carboxyl function that can create a bond with a mineral. Manganese PCA is obtained through a two-step mechanism. Firstly, the PCA is formed bythermal cyclisation of glutamic acid derived from beetroot.Then, achemical reactionis carried out between thePCApreviously formed and themanganese oxide (MnO). The medium is stirred, then filtered and atomised to obtain a pure compound, the manganese PCA.

The combination of PCA with a mineral adds value to its cosmetic activity. Thus, PCA plays a role as askin moisturiser, while manganese is involved in combating free radicals and cellular longevity. Manganese PCA is therefore an activemoisturiserandregenerator. It is described as a mitochondrial physio-protector for stressed, urban skin as well as mature skin prone to sagging.

Manganese PCA strengthens the skin's defence systems against oxidation and free radicals. As a reminder, these are reactive oxygen species naturally produced by the body. However, when cells are faced with a stress, they produce them excessively . The sources of stress are numerous, the main ones being exposure to UVA, pollution, smoking, a diet too rich in fats and/or sugars. Free radicals are particularly unstable molecules due to their single electron. They tend to react with other molecules to form a pair of electrons, and thus cause damage to cells, DNA and proteins in the body. Ageing is thus accelerated and wrinkles appear on the skin's surface.

Manganese PCA acts by stimulating the expression of Mitochondrial Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (Mn-SOD). This is an enzyme located in the mitochondrial matrix but also on the inner wall of the mitochondria, protecting them from oxidative stress generated by the entire chain involved in cellular respiration. By stimulating its expression, manganese PCA increases cell viability and thus delays the appearance of signs of ageing.

Thus, manganese PCA ensures skin hydration through PCA and guarantees cellular longevity, delaying the appearance of signs of skin ageing. In a cosmetic formula, the recommended dosage for this active ingredient is between0.5 and 3%.

Manganese PCA is primarily an active ingredient intended for urban and stressed skin, as well as mature skin prone to sagging. It is present in certain skin care products such as restructuring serums, day/night creams and masks. In body care, it can be found in a few lotions and creams.

Ourblemish-fighting & regenerating complexwith 5 minerals is a revitalising serum that regulates sebum production and optimises cell renewal and longevity. The skin becomes firmer, more elastic and blemishes are reduced. It is enriched with zinc, calcium, manganese, magnesium and sodium and should be applied morning and evening, to clean, dry skin.

• GOLDBERG D. J. & al. Topical manganese peptide in the treatment of photodamaged skin. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy (2007).