Affecting 2% of the global population, psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin and joints. It is considered an autoimmune disease, as it results from an immune system malfunction. Indeed, for unknown reasons, immune cells secrete inflammatory molecules into the skin. These molecules stimulate the proliferation of keratinocytes which accumulate on the skin's surface: this is hyperkeratosis. This disease occurs in individuals with a genetic predisposition and under the influence of certain contributing factors.
On the skin, psoriasis is characterised by the emergence of well-defined red, itchy patches accompanied by a thickening of the skin. These patches are covered with white scales. They appear in areas of friction (knees, elbows...) but other areas are also affected, particularly the scalp.
Scalp psoriasis can appear in a localized manner or in conjunction with other lesions (on the body, face or even the nails). Very often, the scalp is the first site of onset of psoriasis and it is estimated that 80% of people suffering from psoriasis will develop scalp psoriasis.
Generally, psoriasis plaques on the scalp are distributed in a asymmetrical manner. These are non-alopecic erythematous plaques with rounded edges covered in dry scales. They are observed on the border of the forehead, behind the neck and behind the ears like a sort of band around the head. According to studies, up to 70% of patients also complain of itching.
Multifactorial disease, psoriasis is a condition that frequently affects the scalp. The lesions being highly visible, they can be a source of stigmatisationand of rejection. Moreover, the itching can significantly impair the quality of life of those affected by disrupting social interactions or sleep. Scratching exacerbates psoriasis lesions. So, a question arises: what can be done to address this issue?