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Psoriasis

Definition: Psoriasis is a non-contagious chronic inflammatory disease, characterised by red patches covered with white scales (flakes) that can cause itching. The onset of psoriasis is due to a malfunction of the immune system. Indeed, immune cells mistakenly end up in the skin producing inflammatory molecules. This then triggers inflammation in the deep layer of the skin and an overproduction of keratinocytes. There are different forms of psoriasis: plaque psoriasis, which is the most common form and where the patches are usually located on the elbows, knees, scalp and lumbar region; guttate psoriasis, characterised by small patches scattered all over the body but especially in areas of friction such as the lower back or forearms; nail psoriasis, specifically located in this area and characterised by a thickening of the skin causing the nail to detach; erythrodermic psoriasis, which is a rare and severe form, requiring hospitalisation, rapid management and powerful treatment; and pustular psoriasis, which is dangerous for the patient, manifesting as pustules located on the palms of the hands and/or soles of the feet.

Internal and external causes: Genetic predisposition; dysfunction of the immune system.

How to reduce or eliminate: At present, there is no cure for psoriasis. However, there are treatments available that alleviate flare-ups, requiring continuous use to prevent relapses: anti-inflammatory ointments based on cortisone or vitamin D, oral treatments (acitretin, methotrexate, cyclosporine...), exposure to ultraviolet light under dermatological control (PUVA therapy), injection of monoclonal antibodies (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab) corresponding to biotherapy. In the event of a flare-up, immediately soothe the skin with products very rich in lipids.

Preventative steps to take: Adhere to the treatment recommended by the doctor to prevent relapses; avoid triggering factors (alcohol, tobacco, stress, etc.); moisturise your skin with a cream suitable for sensitive skin containing soothing ingredients; avoid exfoliation, especially grain-based ones; avoid long, hot showers daily; use a soap-free super-fatted cleanser for personal hygiene and abandon the use of soaps; maintain a balanced diet; use gentle, non-irritating shampoos.