Is eczema dangerous?

Eczema is in most cases mild and harmless. Even though the itching and psychological impact of eczema cannot be overlooked, this condition does not pose a life-threatening risk to health. Moreover, appropriate management and adherence to dermatological advice can limit its impact on the quality of life of those affected. However, it is important to emphasise that eczema can in rare instances become complicated and progress to more severe forms.

An infection.

Following the scratching of lesions, it can occur that theeczema becomes infected. Certain viruses, such as herpes, certain bacteria, like the golden staphylococcus, or even certain fungi, like the candida albicans, can colonise the wound and lead to complications. Depending on the micro-organism causing the infection, this can result in pain and exacerbate itching/redness. It is imperative to consult a dermatologist in case of infection, so that they can identify the source and prescribe an appropriate treatment (antifungals if it's fungi, antivirals if they are viruses and antibiotics in case of bacterial colonisation).

A generalisation of eczema.

One of the most severe complications of eczema is its generalisation, also referred to as erythroderma. Eczema is said to be generalised when the patches spread. They can sometimes cover up to 90% of the body. In addition to the usual redness and itching, oedemas are added. This form of eczema constitutes a dermatological emergency and sometimes requires hospitalisation.

The complications of eczema can be avoided by adopting certain daily habits. The following advice may be useful in this regard:

• Avoid scratching eczematous lesions.

  When we scratch ourselves, there is a significant risk of opening skin lesions, thereby creating opportunities for bacteria and viruses to enter. To avoid scratching during sleep, some people, for example, opt for cotton gloves. It is also recommended to keep nails short to prevent accidental injuries. Finally, in addition to these precautions, the use of ingredients such as thermal water or certain essential oils, and the application of cold, can help to soothe itching.

• Regularly apply amoisturiser.

  In order to hydrate and protect the skin from the risk of infection, it is recommended to apply an emollient care product at least once a day. Possessing a very rich texture, this type of product forms a veil on the skin's surface, similar to the natural hydrolipidic film, in order to limit dehydration and the penetration of pathogens or allergens. We also advise you to consistently use an emollient after showering, as water can have a drying effect on the skin. Finally, avoid moisturisers containing perfumes, which can irritate sensitive atopic skin.

• At the slightest doubt, consult a dermatologist.

  If you notice a change in the appearance of your lesions or a generalisation of your eczema, do not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional. They will be able to determine if your eczema is indeed worsening and, if that is the case, prescribe a treatment. The earlier the intervention, the less significant the complications.