Also referred to as orange peel skin, the cellulite is the result of an accumulation of fats (adipose cellulite) or water (aqueous cellulite) in the hypodermis.
As a reminder, the skin is composed of 3 main layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis, each with its own role and unique characteristics. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin. Covered by a hydrolipidic film, it protects the skin from external aggressions (bacteria, wind, rain...) and maintains its hydration. The dermis, thick and elastic, also contributes to the protection of the skin, due to its thickness and the sebaceous glands it contains. These glands produce sebum, which partly constitutes the hydrolipidic film. Finally, the hypodermis is the deepest layer of the skin. Predominantly made up of adipose cells, it serves as an energy reserve and plays a role in thermal insulation. The adipose cells are held together by collagen fibres.
Following the accumulation of fats or water, the cells of the hypodermis swell and cause the appearance of dimples on the skin's surface, giving it a bumpy appearance. The body areas where it often appears are the thighs, buttocks, stomach, and arms. However, it can be found in other locations depending on an individual's body shape. Cellulite primarily develops in women and is accompanied by a loss of skin tone and elasticity.
Cellulite can be caused by a hormonal surge during puberty, after pregnancy, or at the time of menopause. The increase in oestrogen levels is accompanied by the stimulation of adipogenesis , the formation of adipocytes, which promotes the appearance of adipose cellulite. An unbalanced diet, sedentary lifestyle, stress, or smoking are other factors conducive to the development of cellulite.