Chapped Lips: When to Consult?

Characterised by skin that is thinner than the rest of the face and virtually devoid of sebaceous glands, which are responsible for the production of sebum, a fatty substance that forms part of the hydrolipidic film that protects the skin, the lips are often prone to dryness, and even chapping, especially in winter. This manifests as localised irritation, accompanied by cracks in the lips and discomfort. In some cases, minor bleeding may occur, as well as the formation of scabs.

The chapped lips usually heal within two to three weeks after applying a moisturising and nourishing lip balm.

However, in some instances, chapped lips may persist, providing a valid reason to consult a healthcare professional to identify the underlying cause of the cheilitis, another term for chapped lips. This is particularly recommended in cases of crusts, potential indicators of a bacterial contamination by microorganisms such as Streptococcus or Staphylococcus. Only a doctor can confirm the colonisation by these bacteria. If this is the case, taking antibiotics for a few days can curb the infection and treat the chapped lips.

Scabs can also indicate that chapped lips are due to a virus, such as the herpes virus, in which case antibiotics will be ineffective. However, in the event of viral cheilitis with a recurrence in less than a month, or if there is a recurrence more than six times in a year, a prophylactic antiviral treatment can be administered to combat the chapping.

Beyond the presence of scabs, a viral or bacterial cheilitis can be identified by the mild fever it can cause.

Finally, if you notice the symptoms of a perleche, also consider consulting a doctor. Also known as angular cheilitis, perleche refers to an inflammation of the lip corner. It can be unilateral or bilateral and causes the formation of a red and painful crack with crusty formations. The full opening of the mouth then becomes difficult and causes bleeding from the lesion. Perleche can sometimes extend to the cheek or the entire lips. Depending on the case, a multidisciplinary approach may be necessary: dental, medical and dermatological.

Most commonly, angular cheilitis is of infectious origin and is due to a bacterium, often Staphylococcus aureus, or a fungus, such as Candida albicans, or even both. Frequent lip licking, poor oral hygiene and sugary eating habits can also promote angular cheilitis. Depending on the cause, the practitioner will prescribe an antifungal cream or an antibiotic ointment for about two weeks, a treatment usually sufficient to overcome angular cheilitis.

If you are uncertain about the cause of your chapped lips, if the chapping persists for several weeks, or if you experience pain, the best course of action is to seek medical advice.