CBD versus THC: the main differences between these two cannabis molecules.

The delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is one of the well-known molecules found in cannabis. Its popularity stems from its psychotropic effects. THC is abundantly present in the cannabis flower. The cannabidiol (CBD) is also one of the recognised molecules of cannabis. It is also present in large quantities in this plant and possesses numerous therapeutic virtues.

Even though THC and CBD are both found in cannabis, they exhibit notable differences. However, each is composed of two oxygen atoms, 21 carbon atoms, and 30 hydrogen atoms. It's worth noting that the arrangement order of these atoms constitutes a difference between CBD and THC. This is where their divergent chemical structure originates from.

Although they have similar chemical structures, CBD and THC differ significantly in their mechanisms of action, their bioactivities, and their impact on human behaviour.

• It helps to alleviate anxiety.

• It exhibits properties against skin problems.

• It helps to reduce various inflammations in the body.

• CBD contributes to the reduction of pain caused by arthritis and muscle soreness.

• It also aids in combating certain addictions with its relaxing effects.

• CBD helps to alleviate panic attacks due to its effects on anxiety.

• It is used to assist patients suffering from certain conditions. It then works by combating nausea and vomiting.

• CBD also aids individuals suffering from sleep disorders.

• The CBD molecule also helps in preventing cardiovascular diseases.

Unlike THC, CBD does not have any psychotropic effects and is not addictive. Furthermore, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has stated that this molecule is not a drug and is also not a substitute for cannabis.

On the other hand, THC exhibits effects that are not present in CBD.

• It induces both physical and psychological dependency.

• It induces nausea and vomiting in an unaccustomed consumer.

• It also induces an unusual fatigue.

• It increases the heart rate.

• It can cause discomfort in occasional consumers.

• Depending on the method of cannabis administration, the THC molecule may increase the risk of various cancers affecting the lung, mouth or throat.

Currently, research conducted on THC is leaning towards its use in combating migraines, depression, asthma, anorexia, loss of appetite, phantom limb injury, and other health issues.

The legal framework is one of the differentiating factors between CBD and THC depending on the country. In France, THC is illegal, while CBD is not. The sale of CBD-based products is permitted, provided that the THC content is less than 0.2%. The consumption of products with a high THC content is prohibited in France.

• ROMERO-SANDOVAL E. & al. CBD and THC: Do they complement each other like yin and yang? Pharmacotherapy (2020).