Does aloe vera help to soothe burns?

Aloe vera belongs to the family of Asphodelaceae. Originally found in the Middle East, it was then known by the Arabs as the "desert flower". During antiquity, aloe vera was used to heal wounds, skin conditions, and even prevent hair loss. Its medicinal virtues have spanned the centuries, and the following phrase is attributed to Christopher Columbus: "All is well: we have aloe on board". Even today, aloe vera is utilised in alternative medicine all around the world.

This succulent plant, rich in minerals and vitamins, has thick, fleshy leaves edged with spines. These leaves contain the aloe vera gel, which is thick and transparent.Extraction of this ingredient with multiple benefits involves a mechanical pressing of the plant's leaves. Aloe vera gel is composed of 99% water, and the remainder concentrates a remarkable amount of nutrients, including minerals, vitamins, and enzymes.

Aloe vera gel can be utilised for alleviating first-degree burns. The severity of other types of burns is too significant and it then becomes necessary to consult a doctor.

Various studies have highlighted several properties of aloe vera gel that enable it to accelerate and alleviate a wound healing process :

• Aloe vera gel has an anti-inflammatory action : the application of a treatment containing this active ingredient can alleviate pain, and reduce irritation and itching. It also has analgesic and soothing effects. Aloe vera gel is capable of inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6). TNF-α is targeted by certain flavonoids, such as quercetin and kaempferol, contained in aloe vera gel, thus reducing its activity.

• Aloe vera gel also possesses healing properties. A recent study has shown that glucomannan, a polysaccharide found in aloe gel, acts on TGF-β1, the fibroblast growth factor. The production activity of collagen and elastin is then increased. These molecules belong to the extracellular matrix and both contribute to maintaining the structure of the skin and its good condition.

• Furthermore, aloe vera gel contains several amino acids and hygroscopic polysaccharides which endow it with moisturising properties for the skin. This composition allows the botanical extract to limit water evaporation from the skin's surface. Hydrating the skin following a burn is crucial to restore its elasticity and reduce feelings of tightness.

• Finally, the pleasant and refreshing texture of aloe vera gel helps to soothe the skin and alleviate certain irritations and discomforts.

However, it is important to note that the studies mentioned were not conducted on burns but on other types of wounds. The properties of aloe vera gel presented here have not been directly demonstrated on burns.