Which other active ingredients can copper be combined with?

Copper is also combined with zinc to formulate cosmetic care products. This combination primarily involves copper PCA and zinc PCA, two active ingredients known for their antibacterial and sebum-regulating properties. Copper PCA and zinc PCA are frequently used in synergy in products aimed at purifying skin that is prone to oiliness or acne.

Their mode of action is quite similar, although the precise mechanism through which copper PCA exerts its antibacterial properties is still poorly understood. In terms of their sebum-regulating effects, both copper PCA and zinc PCA act by inhibiting 5-α-reductase, the enzyme that catalyses the transformation of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Once formed, DHT binds to a specific receptor in the sebaceous glands, thereby increasing their activity and the production of sebum. Copper PCA and zinc PCA limit this phenomenon, which helps to regulate sebum synthesis and thus reduce the risk of skin pore obstruction.

The niacinamide, also known as vitamin B3, is a soothing active ingredient that reduces skin inflammation and helps to alleviate redness. Moreover, niacinamide is a potent antioxidant that protects the skin from damage caused by free radicals. It is sometimes paired with copper peptides in treatments aimed to prevent skin ageing and the appearance of fine lines. Indeed, niacinamide and copper work effectively when used in synergy to protect the skin from oxidative stress and enhance its firmness and elasticity.

Note : It is advised against combining copper with exfoliating acids such as AHAs like glycolic acid, or BHAs such as salicylic acid. It has been observed that these combinations can lead to irritations, even though the mechanism at work has not been fully elucidated.