What are the first signs of vitiligo?

Vitiligo is an autoimmune dermatosis that causes the appearance of white patches on the skin. It is explained by the selective loss of melanocytes, which are mistakenly attacked by the immune system. The absence of these cells, which synthesise melanin, the brown pigment that gives skin its colour, results in skin depigmentation. There are two main forms of vitiligo: non-segmental vitiligo, which is progressive and often affects symmetrical areas of the body, and segmental vitiligo, which is rarer but also more stable after a rapid initial phase and follows a unilateral distribution. Even though this disease is neither painful nor dangerous, it is important not to overlook the psychological impact it can have on those affected.

Fortunately, today, there are several treatments available that can repigment vitiligo lesions, thereby improving the quality of life for patients. Among these are immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, UVB phototherapy, and autologous melanocyte grafts. These treatments are all the more effective if the disease is quickly managed, hence the importance of detecting its early signs. Typically, vitiligo begins with the appearance of a simple white spot, before evolving variably over time. Itching can sometimes herald its onset, but this is not always the case. Moreover, itching is a common symptom that is not specific enough to establish a clear and direct link with vitiligo.

The emergence of a white spot on the skin could indicate vitiligo, particularly if it tends to spread or if other macules appear.

These signs should particularly alert you if members of your family are themselves affected by vitiligo. Indeed, according to several epidemiological studies, about 20% of people affected by vitiligo have at least one first-degree relative with this disease. Moreover, it is estimated that the risk of developing vitiligo is 7 to 10 times higher if you have a first-degree relative with this disease. Although the absence of family history does not exclude the possibility of developing vitiligo, vigilance should be increased when family members are also affected by this condition as it may indicate a genetic predisposition. It should be noted that other factors, such as stress, skin trauma or certain infections, can also play a triggering role in predisposed individuals.

If you suspect the development of a vitiligo, it is important to consult a dermatologist, so they can make a diagnosis and propose a suitable treatment.