Vitamin E: What are its effects on eczema?

Eczema is a widespread inflammatory skin disease. In France, it is estimated to affect 2 million adults, which represents nearly 4% of the population. This dermatosis, which progresses in flare-ups, is characterized by pronounced skin dryness and redness, accompanied by severe itching. Fortunately, solutions exist today to alleviate and space out the flare-ups. In addition to the daily application of an emollient care on the skin, dermatologists can prescribe creams based on cortisone to relieve eczema flare-ups.

Concurrently, research continues in the quest to find new treatments, either as a supplement or replacement for dermocorticoids. Among the options being studied, vitamin E appears to be emerging as a relevant supplement in cases of eczema. Indeed, this fat-soluble molecule possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that are beneficial in combating this skin condition. Naturally found in sebum, it protects its constituents from lipid peroxidation, a reaction that leads to the creation of compounds harmful to the skin. Moreover, this change in the composition of the sebum damages the hydrolipidic film, which is already fragile on atopic skin. The antioxidant effects of vitamin E also allow it to neutralise free radicals before they activate certain nuclear factors and lead to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, molecules involved in the pathogenesis of eczema.

Furthermore, some studies have shown that vitamin E can inhibit the activities of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (LOX-5). The former is an enzyme catalysing the conversion of arachidonic acid into PGE2, an inflammatory mediator causing painful sensations and itching. LOX-5, on the other hand, catalyses the synthesis of certain leukotrienes, lipids that exacerbate eczema symptoms by recruiting other pro-inflammatory cells.

These various mechanisms of action have led several scientists to study the tangible effects of vitamin E on eczema during clinical trials, conducted with volunteers affected by this skin condition. Most of the studies were carried out by comparing the SCORAD (Scoring Atopic Dermatitis) before and after treatment. This clinical tool, developed in 1993, is today the most widely used worldwide to assess the severity of atopic dermatitis. It takes into account a broad range of criteria, including the severity of lesions, the intensity of itching, and the impact of the disease on sleep, daily activities, and mood. The table below summarises the results obtained from 4 studies.