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Profile: Rhinophyma

Definition: Rhinophyma is a rare dermatological condition that results in a gradual thickening and enlargement (hypertrophy) of the skin on the nose, giving it the appearance of a red, irregularly surfaced nose with the emergence of nodules, increased volume and highly dilated pores. It represents the most advanced and severe form of rosacea. It is estimated that about 5% of patients with rosacea develop rhinophyma. In severe cases, it can lead to nasal obstruction, multiple polypoid growths, or extend to the forehead, chin and eyelids. It predominantly affects men over the age of 45. Rhinophyma progresses gradually through several stages involving neo-vascularisation, deformation of the nasal organ, dilation of the follicular orifices, and an outgrowth of the skin on the nose. This area is particularly affected due to the high concentration of sebaceous glands at this level. Contrary to popular belief, this dermatological condition does not progress into cancer.

Internal and external causes: Triggering of an excessive inflammatory response by the infectious agent Demodex folliculorum; secondary granulomatous infiltration.

How to reduce or eliminate: Administration of oral antibiotic therapy (cyclines, metronidazole) or retinoids (isotretinoin) to control inflammatory flare-ups; CO2 laser treatment; surgical intervention (electro-coagulation, decortication, excision of skin outgrowths).

Preventative steps to take: /