White wavy lines texture on a surface

Pigmented dark circles

Definition: Rings under the eyes, usually brown in colour, caused by hyperpigmentation of the area (accumulation of melanin pigment in the outer layers of the skin). They mainly affect people with olive to dark skin tones.
Internal and external causes: Exposure to UV rays, genetic predisposition, certain skin conditions (eczema, etc.).
How to reduce or eliminate: Brighten the under-eye area with skincare concentrated in depigmenting active ingredients (niacinamide, tranexamic acid, vitamin C, ferulic acid, etc.) or gentle exfoliating acids (gluconolactone, etc.); radiofrequency; use a concealer close to your skin tone to diminish the circles.
Preventative steps to take: Apply sunscreen to your face daily.

Related articles: Under Eye Hyperpigmentation.