In our pursuit for clearer skin, we frequently search for components that provide efficient outcomes without the severity associated with some treatments. Succinic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, has surfaced as a hopeful alternative for those grappling with acne. In this article, we delve into the benefits and characteristics of succinic acid, illuminating how it contributes to healthier skin.
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- Succinic acid to tackle acne?
Succinic acid to tackle acne?
- Understanding the Pathogenesis of Acne
- Antimicrobial Efficacy of Succinic Acid: Diminishing Acne-Inducing Bacteria
- Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Succinic Acid: Alleviating Irritation
- Sebum Control by Succinic Acid: Harmonising Oil Production
- Exfoliation and Acne: How Succinic Acid Assists in Purifying Pores
- Sources
Understanding the Pathogenesis of Acne.
Acne is a multifaceted skin condition influenced by numerous factors, including hyperseborrhoea (excessive oil production), hyperkeratinisation (thickening of the skin), bacterial colonisation (particularly Cutibacterium acnes), and inflammation. These processes result in the creation of blocked pores and subsequent acne lesions. The overgrowth of C. acnes is a crucial factor in the advancement of acne, as it contributes to both inflammation and the formation of pustules or cysts.
Recent research underscores the advantageous role of succinic acid in tackling these fundamental acne mechanisms. Succinic acid, a short-chain fatty acid, is generated during fermentation by commensal bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis present on the skin. This acid has been proven to inhibit C. acnes growth, thus diminishing acne-related inflammation. Topical and intralesional applications of succinic acid have shown efficacy in suppressing C. acnes-induced inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that succinic acid not only modulates the skin's microbiome but also holds potential as a therapeutic agent in acne treatment, offering a novel approach by utilising bacterial interactions on the skin.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Succinic Acid: Diminishing Acne-Inducing Bacteria.
One of the primary advantages of succinic acid is its antimicrobial activity. By suppressing the proliferation of Cutibacterium acnes, the bacteria accountable for acne, succinic acid assists to avert the formation of new blemishes. This action is vital in maintaining a clearer complexion, particularly for individuals susceptible to breakouts. The efficacy of succinic acid in tackling acne originates from its capacity to disrupt bacterial cell membranes through a process termed membrane permeabilisation. This weakens the bacteria, leading to cell lysis and ultimately diminishing the population of acne-inducing bacteria on the skin. This property not only aids in preventing future breakouts but also contributes to an overall enhancement in skin clarity.
Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Succinic Acid: Alleviating Irritation.
Another significant advantage of succinic acid is its anti-inflammatory impact. Acne frequently results in redness and irritation, which can worsen the condition. By integrating succinic acid into our skincare routine, we may witness diminished inflammation, leading to a more tranquil and balanced complexion.
The anti-inflammatory characteristics of succinic acid function by adjusting the immune response, specifically by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This adjustment aids in reducing the redness and swelling linked with acne blemishes. Moreover, succinic acid can stimulate the generation of anti-inflammatory mediators, further boosting its capacity to calm irritated skin. This advantage is particularly beneficial for individuals who suffer from inflamed and irritated skin, as it encourages a more uniform skin tone and texture.
Sebum Control by Succinic Acid: Harmonising Oil Production.
For individuals with oily skin types, controlling sebum production is crucial in managing acne. Succinic acid assists in this regard by balancing oil levels on the skin. By preventing excessive oiliness, we can decrease the probability of blocked pores and subsequent breakouts.
This characteristic of succinic acid is particularly advantageous for those with oily or combination skin types. It operates by regulating the activity of sebocytes, the cells accountable for sebum production. Moreover, by restraining the proliferation of acne-inducing bacteria, succinic acid cultivates a less hospitable environment for these microorganisms, further assisting in the control of sebum secretion. This dual action—managing both oil production and bacterial presence—contributes to the establishment of an optimal environment for clearer skin. By effectively controlling sebum levels, succinic acid tackles one of the fundamental causes of acne.
Exfoliation and Acne: How Succinic Acid Assists in Purifying Pores.
Succinic acid plays a pivotal role in the exfoliation of the skin, which is essential for averting acne. By gently eliminating dead skin cells and surplus oils from the skin's surface, succinic acid assists in keeping pores unblocked. Blocked pores are a primary contributor to acne flare-ups, and exfoliation aids in minimising this risk by ensuring that the pores remain free of impurities. Succinic acid, when applied in a peel, facilitates this delicate exfoliation process, leading to a smoother and clearer complexion. Regular use of succinic acid exfoliates the skin, removes accumulation, and helps maintain a balanced skin texture, effectively supporting acne prevention.
The key takeaway.
By impeding the proliferation of Cutibacterium acnes, succinic acid aids in averting new acne blemishes and diminishes the overall bacterial populace on the skin.
Succinic acid calms agitated skin by lessening redness and inflammation, offering a more tranquil complexion, particularly for those contending with inflamed acne lesions.
Succinic acid aids in the regulation of sebum production, averting excessive oiliness and diminishing the risk of blocked pores, a principal cause of acne flare-ups.
Succinic acid's exfoliating attributes delicately eliminate dead skin cells and surplus oils, aiding in maintaining clear pores and minimising the likelihood of new acne developing.
Sources
THIBOUTOT D. The role of follicular hyperkeratinisation in acne. Journal of Dermatological Treatment (2000).
FARRAR M. & al. Acne: Inflammation. Clinics in Dermatology (2004).
CHIEN S. C. & al. Anti-inflammatory Properties of Novel Succinic and Maleic Derivatives from the Fruiting Body of Antrodia camphorata. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2008).
ZOUBOULIS C. & al. Acne is an inflammatory condition and changes in sebum composition instigate acne lesions. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (2014).
WANG Y. & al. Staphylococcus epidermidis in the human skin microbiome mediates fermentation to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes: implications of probiotics in acne vulgaris. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (2014).
PUROHIT A. & al. Anti-Salmonella Effects of Pyruvic and Succinic Acid in Conjunction with Oregano Essential Oil. Meat and Muscle Biology (2019).
FOURNIERE M. & al. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes: Two Principal Guardians of Skin Microbiota and the Impact of Cosmetics. Microorganisms (2020).
STOICA C. & al. The function of skin microbiome in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Journal of Dermatovenerology (2020).
CHUNG H. J. & al. Development and metabolic profiling of a postbiotic complex demonstrating antibacterial activity against skin microorganisms and anti-inflammatory effect on human keratinocytes. Food Science and Biotechnology (2022).
LIU H. & al. Function of succinic acid in the control of sepsis. International Immunopharmacology (2022).
GUERRA-TAPIA A. & al. A novel topical biotechnological phytocomplex for mild-moderate truncal acne restores skin microbiota equilibrium. Skin Research and Technology (2024).
DE LUCAS R. & al. New clinical approach in facial mild–moderate acne: Re-stabilisation of skin microbiota balance with a topical biotechnological phytocomplex. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology (2024).
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