What should one do in the case of a papule on the tongue?

Papules on the tongue are raised lesions that typically measure less than 5mm in diameter. Most commonly found on the face, chest, or back, they can sometimes appear on the tongue, whether on the sides, back, or tip. Unlike aphthous ulcers, which are ulcerated and hollow lesions, and pustules, which are vesicles, papules are solid masses without any liquid inside. Their colour can vary, ranging from white to red, depending on the underlying cause. Although they are often benign, they can be painful and bothersome in daily life, especially if they are irritated by chewing or certain foods.

Various factors can be responsible for the occurrence of papules on the tongue. Most often, these lesions are due to physical trauma, such as accidentally biting the tongue, or irritation from spicy or acidic food. This type of papule typically heals spontaneously within a few days. It can also happen that the papules result from an allergic reaction, such as urticarial papules. This can cause small red papules on the tongue, often associated with itching. Similarly, certain autoimmune diseases, such as lichen planus, can lead to the formation of papules on the tongue due to the exaggerated immune response of the cells of the oral mucosa. These papules can be painful and make the tongue sensitive and uncomfortable.

Papules on the tongue can also appear as a result of tongue inflammation, often caused by viral or bacterial infections or nutritional deficiencies, particularly in iron, vitamin B12 or folic acid. Finally, although it is rare, certain viral conditions, such as chickenpox or measles, can cause papules on the tongue, in addition to those that appear on the skin. These manifestations are usually accompanied by fever and other systemic symptoms, indicating an ongoing viral infection.

If a papule on the tongue persists beyond a few days, multiplies, causes discomfort, or is accompanied by a fever, it is recommended to consult a doctor.

This will allow for the assessment of the size, shape, and colour of the papule and determine the cause of its appearance. If a viral or bacterial infection is suspected, the doctor may prescribe additional tests to confirm or rule out the presence of pathogens. Most often, topical treatments, such as gels or mouthwashes, will be prescribed, along with antibiotics. In parallel, it is recommended to adopt a good oral hygiene, by brushing your teeth after each meal and regularly using an antiseptic mouthwash to eliminate bacteria that could cause infections. Often overlooked, the tongue brushing is also important to prevent the multiplication of bacteria on the tongue, which can lead to the formation of papules.