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Oily Dandruff

Definition: Thick, white to yellowish scales that are more or less voluminous and remain "stuck" to the scalp, as opposed to dry dandruff. They result from an acceleration in the renewal cycle of the scalp's epidermal cells, which changes from approximately 28 days to 5 - 14 days, coupled with abnormal desquamation. Consequently, the dead cells no longer have time to properly complete their maturation and gradually detach from each other, but instead cling together and aggregate in the form of a layer with sebum as a binder. Oily dandruff is often accompanied by more or less intense itching, and a red and irritated scalp due to local inflammation. This type of dandruff typically develops on scalps with a tendency to be oily. However, this deregulation in sebum production promotes the abnormal proliferation of a fungus (Malassezia furfur) on the scalp's surface. Moreover, their prolonged presence can "suffocate" the scalp, leading to hair loss, although this is reversible. Although oily dandruff is not a disease, in some cases it can be a symptom of a pathology.

Internal and external causes: Genetic predisposition, hormonal fluctuations, symptoms of certain conditions (psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, etc...), side effects of certain medications, stress, harsh shampoos, hair trauma (aggressive brushing, tight hairstyles...).

How to reduce or eliminate: Consult a dermatologist; use an anti-dandruff shampoo containing antifungal, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory agents (piroctone olamine, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulphide, salicylic acid...) to eliminate dandruff and soothe itching (2 to 3 shampoos per week for 2 to 4 weeks, respecting a leave-in time). For long-term use, maintain the anti-dandruff shampoo once a week or once every 15 days, alternating with a regular shampoo; in case of severe scaly condition, use an anti-dandruff shampoo either based on 2% ketoconazole or 1.5% cyclopiroxolamine under medical prescription, which can be combined with a corticosteroid treatment depending on the degree of severity.

Preventative steps to take: Use non-stripping, non-irritating products suitable for your hair type; adjust the frequency of washing according to your scalp type; protect your scalp during prolonged sun exposure; avoid overly aggressive blow-drying (keep the hairdryer at least 20 cm away from the hair, reduce the temperature); wash your hair with lukewarm water; avoid running your hand through your hair.