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Profile: Human Scabies

Definition: Scabies is a contagious ectoparasitic disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, characterised by almost constant chronic itching. The fertilised adult female has the ability to penetrate the superficial layer of the epidermis to lay her eggs. Scabies is a common skin condition, with an estimated 300 million people affected worldwide. It is observed at all ages, in all populations and in all socio-economic environments, although it is more common in warm and tropical countries. There are different forms of scabies: classic common scabies, infant scabies, hyperkeratotic crusty scabies (Norwegian), as well as eczematous scabies and superinfected scabies (complicated forms).

Internal and external causes: Direct, repeated or prolonged physical contact with an infected person (close contact); indirect transmission through clothing or bedding (less common except for the crusty form).

How to reduce or eliminate: Consulting a dermatologist; Washing clothes, bedding items (sheets, pillows, etc.) and towels at a temperature above 50°C, or soaking the laundry with an acaricide for at least 4 hours or sealing them in an occlusive bag for at least 3 days, and this should be done every day after treatment; Cleaning the living area; Medical prescription of topical agents (permethrin cream, sulphur ointment, crotamiton cream or lotion, benzyl benzoate emulsion, etc.); taking oral medications in cases of crusted scabies or extensive scabies (ivermectin, etc.). However, the treatments offered do not kill the parasite's eggs. It is necessary to repeat the treatment to kill newly hatched mites. Moreover, to prevent new outbreaks of scabies, all household members must be treated, even if they do not show any symptoms.

Preventative steps to take: Avoid "skin to skin" contact with an infested individual, particularly if they are exhibiting an itchy skin rash.